Verbs - Connective

Connective Form [하고]

This lesson is about the connective form which is primarily used in two ways:

1. To list verbs.  

2. To link one sentence to the next.

We'll have a look at these functions of the connective form in detail below.


Table of Common Verbs and Their Connective Forms

Written Form	Plain	Connective
Do	하다	하고
Go	가다	가고
Come	오다	오고
Eat	먹다	먹고
Drink	마시다	마시고
Walk	걷다	걷고
Run	달리다	달리고
Stand	서다	서고
Sit	앉다	앉고
Get up	일어나다	일어나고
Sleep	자다	자고
Buy	사다	사고
Sell	팔다	팔고
Grow	자라다	자라고
Throw	던지다	던지고
Borrow	빌리다	빌리고
Lend	빌려주다	빌려주고
Play	놀다	놀고
Write	쓰다	쓰고
Read	읽다	읽고
Listen	듣다	듣고
Live	살다	살고
Die	죽다	죽고

Conjugation rule

Take 다 off the plain form of verbs, and then attach 고 to them.

• 하다 → 하고
• 가다 → 가고
  

The connective form of verbs is used:

1. To list verbs. 

2. To link one sentence to the next.

1. To list verbs.

For example, if I wanted to say "I get up, eat and go.", the verb stems are changed to their connective forms except the last verb which determines the tense of a sentence.

• 일어나다 → 일어나고
• 먹다 → 먹고
• 걷다 → 걷고

• 일어나고 먹고 가다 = get up, eat and go
• 일어나고 먹고 갔다 = got up, ate and went
• 일어나고 먹고 갈 거다 = will get up, eat and go

In each instance, the last verb determines the tense of a sentence.


2. To link one sentence to the next.

The example below shows how three sentences can be linked together using the connective form of verbs.

• 유리는 학교에 가요. (Yuri goes to school)
  
• 진수는 밖에서 놀아요. (Jinsu plays outside)
  
• 미나는 책 읽어요. (Mina reads a book)

유리는 학교에 가고, 진수는 밖에서 놀고, 미나는 책 읽어요. 
= Yuri goes to school, Jinsu plays outside and Mina reads.

However, the verbs in each sentence can be conjugated into different tenses.

• 유리는 학교에 갔어요. = Yuri went to school
• 진수는 밖에서 놀거에요. = Jinsu will play outside
• 미나는 책 읽어요. = Mina reads (or Mina is reading)

유리는 학교에 갔고, 진수는 밖에서 놀거고, 미나는 책 읽어요.
= Yuri went to school, Jinsu will play outside and Mina is reading.


Example sentences

E.g.

• I heard and spoke = 듣고 말했다
• I studied, revised and taught = 공부하고, 복습하고, 가르쳤다.
• I washed and ate dinner. = 나는 씻고 저녁을 먹었다.

• 이 상점에서는 과일과 채소를 사고 팔아요. = This shop sells and buys fruit and vegetables.
• 친구를 만나고, 같이 놀고, 점심을 먹었어요. = I met my friend, had fun and ate lunch together.

• 비가 오고 눈이 오고 바람이 불고 번개가 쳐요 = It's raining and snowing, the wind is blowing and the lightning strikes.
• 다니엘은 TV를 보고, 수잔은 아침을 만들고 있고, 삼손은 아직 자고 있어요. = Daniel is watching TV, Suzanne is making breakfast and Samson is still in bed.